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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Kiribati (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Kiribati (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Kiribati (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsKiribati
Administrative divisions - 3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands; note - in addition, there are 6 districts (Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa) and 21 island councils - one for each of the inhabited islands (Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina)
Age structure - 0-14 years: 40.2% (male 19,588; female 19,092)


15-64 years: 56.6% (male 26,905; female 27,625)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 1,339; female 1,786) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish
Airports - 21 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 16


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 811 sq km


land: 811 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC four times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty of friendship with Kiribati.
Birth rate - 31.58 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $28.4 million


expenditures: $37.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (2000 est.) (2000 est.)
Capital - Tarawa
Climate tropical tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 74.1 km 1,143 km
Constitution - 12 July 1979
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati


conventional short form: Kiribati


note: pronounced kir-ih-bahss


former: Gilbert Islands
Currency - Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate - 8.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $10 million (1999 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to the Marshall Islands is accredited to Kiribati
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US; there is an honorary consulate in Honolulu
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient - $15.5 million (1995), largely from UK and Japan
Economy - overview no economic activity A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence from the UK in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. Tourism provides more than one-fifth of GDP. The financial sector is at an early stage of development as is the expansion of private sector initiatives. Foreign financial aid, from UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and China, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years. Remittances from workers abroad account for more than $5 million each year.
Electricity - consumption - 6.51 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 7 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Banaba 81 m
Environment - current issues NA heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Exchange rates - Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Beniamina TIINGA (since NA December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President Beniamina TIINGA (since NA December 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: 12-member Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Parliament


elections: the House of Parliament chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held by November 2007); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Teburoro TITO reelected president; percent of vote - Teburoro TITO 50.4%, Taberannang TIMEON 48.4%, Bakeua Bakeua TEKITA 1.2%
Exports - $6 million f.o.b. (1998)
Exports - commodities - copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Exports - partners - Japan, Bangladesh, US, Australia, Brazil, Poland (2000)
Fiscal year - NA
Flag description the flag of Australia is used the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
GDP - purchasing power parity - $79 million (2001 est.), supplemented by a nearly equal amount from external sources (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 30%


industry: 7%


services: 63% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $840 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 1 25 N, 173 00 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru
Highways - total: 670 km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km


note: 27 km are paved in South Tarawa (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $44 million c.i.f. (1999)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel
Imports - partners - Australia, Japan, Fiji, Poland, US (2000)
Independence - 12 July 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - 0.7% (1991 est.)
Industries - fishing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate - 52.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president
Labor force - 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 50.68%


other: 49.32% (1998 est.)
Languages - I-Kiribati, English (official)
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply NA
Legislative branch - unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42 seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other; members serve four-year terms)


elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general)
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 60.54 years


male: 57.61 years


female: 63.62 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT


ships by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Military branches - no regular military forces; Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Nationality - noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)


adjective: I-Kiribati
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Natural resources fish phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG]


note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)		 96,335 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.28% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Banaba, Betio, English Harbour, Kanton
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1


note: the shortwave station may be inactive (2002)
Radios - 17,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, and Church of God (1999)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)


note: Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service
Telephones - main lines in use - 3,800 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 1 (not reported to be active) (2002)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Total fertility rate - 4.32 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Waterways none 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
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